---
description: "Retirement in F1 explained: when drivers stop, common causes from power-unit failures to collision damage, and how the 90 per cent rule decides classification."
title: "Retirement in F1: DNF, causes and the 90 per cent rule"
image: https://www.f1-fansite.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/WillF10445-scaled-900x594.jpg
---
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# Retirement
Michael Schumacher (GER) Ferrari F310B (right) turns into the passing Jacques Villeneuve (CDN) Williams FW19 in a vain attempt to take his Championship rival out of the race. Villeneuve survived to finish third and take the Championship crown; Schumacher retired on the spot and was subsequently stripped of his second place in the Championship. European Grand Prix, Jerez, Spain, 26 October 1997.
**A retirement in Formula 1 is when a driver stops their car during a race and does not return to the classification.** The word covers everything from a spectacular first-lap crash to a broken driveshaft on the final tour, and every retirement is analysed in the debrief afterwards. In the [FIA](https://www.fia.com/) classification a retired driver is marked DNF, unless they have completed 90 per cent of the winner's distance in which case they are still classified.
## What is a retirement in F1?
A retirement is any premature end to a driver's race. It can be forced (mechanical failure, crash damage, injury) or discretionary (a team calling the driver in to save components with no points on offer). The car itself must be parked in a safe location, usually at a marshal post or in the pit lane, and the driver walks back to the paddock.
## Common causes of an F1 retirement
- **Power-unit failures:** ICE, MGU-K, MGU-H, ES or turbo problems still cause a meaningful share of DNFs;
- **Hydraulic failures:** usually terminal because they take out gear selection at the same time;
- **Gearbox and driveshaft failures:** still stubbornly common;
- **Collision damage:** either terminal immediately or a slow retirement over several laps;
- **Suspension failure:** usually from kerb strikes or first-lap contact;
- **Fuel or electronic issues:** occasionally from mid-race sensor faults.
## Retirement and points
Points are awarded to the top ten classified finishers. A driver who retires but has completed at least 90 per cent of the winner's distance can still be classified and score points if they cross the line inside the top ten. Below that threshold they are DNF and score nothing.
## Discretionary retirements
Occasionally teams will call a driver in and retire the car strategically, particularly in the closing laps of a race that offers no realistic points. Preserving a power-unit component from further mileage can save a grid drop later in the season, and any minor mechanical concern can be enough to justify the call.
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-
## Frequently asked questions about F1 retirements
### What is a retirement in F1?
A retirement is when a driver stops their car during a race and does not continue. It is marked DNF in the official classification.
### What is the difference between DNF and retirement?
Retirement is the act of stopping and leaving the race. DNF is the classification code applied to a driver who has retired without completing 90 per cent of the winner's distance.
### What are the most common causes of retirements?
Power-unit failures, hydraulic failures, gearbox and driveshaft issues, collision damage, and suspension failures.
### Can a retired driver still score points?
Only if they have completed 90 per cent of the winner's distance before stopping and are inside the top ten. Otherwise they are DNF and score no points.
### Why do teams sometimes retire a car deliberately?
To preserve power-unit component mileage or protect a marginal reliability concern in a race with no realistic points reward.
Last updated: 13 Jul 2026, 15:19
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