--- description: "Energy Store in F1 explained: the lithium-ion battery pack of the V6 hybrid, its 4 MJ per lap limit, 120 kW power, and the bigger role it plays from 2026." title: "Energy Store in F1: how the ES hybrid battery works and 2026 changes" image: https://www.f1-fansite.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/eclate_moteur_gb-Large1.jpg --- [Skip to main content](#content) ![Change language](https://www.f1-fansite.com/wp-content/themes/f1fansite/images/flags-svg/gb.svg?v=2) [![F1-Fansite.com](https://www.f1-fansite.com/wp-content/themes/f1fansite/images/logo-mob.png)](https://www.f1-fansite.com/) ![](https://www.f1-fansite.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/2026-spa-header.jpg) [![Try F1 on Apple TV for 7 days](https://www.f1-fansite.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/F1-Launch_Refresh2_Static_Affiliate_728x90_US-EN.jpg)](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-on-apple-tv/) [![F1-Fansite.com](https://www.f1-fansite.com/wp-content/themes/f1fansite/images/logo.png)](https://www.f1-fansite.com/) [Sign in](https://www.f1-fansite.com/login/) - [Home](https://www.f1-fansite.com/) - [F1 News](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-news/) - [F1 2026](https://www.f1-fansite.com/2026-formula-1-season/) - [F1 2027](https://www.f1-fansite.com/2027-formula-1-season/) - [All Time](https://www.f1-fansite.com/all-time-f1-archive/) - [F1 Stats](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-statistics/) - [Photos](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-wallpapers/) - [F1 Fans](https://www.f1-fansite.com/fans/) - [F1 Quiz](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-quizzes/) - [F1 Tickets](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-tickets/) - [F1 Merchandise](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-merchandise/) - Add to home screen [Sign in](https://www.f1-fansite.com/login/) [Next session![Sepang International Circuit](https://www.f1-fansite.com/wp-content/themes/f1fansite/images/flags-svg/my.svg?v=2) MY Bahrain Grand Prix · FP100d 00h 00m 00s](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-calendar/bahrain-grand-prix/) [Next session![Sepang International Circuit](https://www.f1-fansite.com/wp-content/themes/f1fansite/images/flags-svg/my.svg?v=2) MY Bahrain Grand Prix · FP100d 00h 00m 00s](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-calendar/bahrain-grand-prix/) # ES (Energy Store) [![F1 hybrid power unit exploded view including energy store](https://www.f1-fansite.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/eclate_moteur_gb-Large1-330x220.jpg)](https://www.f1-fansite.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/eclate_moteur_gb-Large1.jpg) The Energy Store is the lithium-ion battery pack that buffers and releases power for the MGU-K and MGU-H. **The Energy Store, ES, is the high-voltage lithium-ion battery pack in a Formula 1 hybrid power unit.** It buffers electrical energy harvested by the MGU-K under braking and by the MGU-H from the exhaust, and releases it back to the wheels or the turbo when the driver deploys hybrid power. Alongside the internal combustion engine, the ES is one of the six numbered power-unit elements each driver is allocated per season. ## What is the Energy Store in F1? The Energy Store is the on-board battery of the F1 hybrid system. It holds energy in a lithium-ion battery pack located inside the survival cell, close to the driver's legs, for weight-distribution and safety reasons. The ES is a homologated power-unit element and its capacity, power flow and location are defined by the Technical Regulations. ## Energy Store capacity and limits Under the current V6 hybrid rules the ES can supply the MGU-K with up to **4 megajoules of energy per lap** for delivering power to the wheels, and receive up to 2 MJ per lap from MGU-K harvesting. Between the ES and the MGU-H the flow is unlimited. The maximum electric drive power available to the driver is 120 kW (about 160 hp). The 2026 regulations lift the electric power dramatically, with roughly 50 per cent of a lap's total power coming from the ES. ## How the ES fits into the power unit - **MGU-K** harvests kinetic energy under braking and returns it to the drivetrain under acceleration; - **MGU-H** harvests thermal energy from the exhaust turbo and can bypass the ES to feed the MGU-K directly; - **ES** buffers energy and manages the discharge profile the driver selects on the wheel; - **Control electronics** route the flow according to strategy and limits programmed into the ECU. ## ES allocation and penalties Under the current rules, each driver is allowed a set number of Energy Stores per season. Exceeding the allocation triggers a grid penalty, and where two or more power-unit elements are replaced beyond their allowance a driver can end up starting from the back of the grid. Teams therefore manage battery health as carefully as they manage the internal combustion engine. ## Frequently asked questions about the Energy Store ### What is the ES in F1? The Energy Store is the lithium-ion battery pack in an F1 hybrid power unit. It buffers energy for the MGU-K and MGU-H and provides the electric power the driver deploys. ### Where is the Energy Store located on an F1 car? Inside the survival cell, generally underneath the driver, for weight-distribution and safety reasons. ### How much energy does the ES deliver per lap? Under the current V6 hybrid rules it can deliver up to 4 megajoules to the MGU-K per lap for onward transmission to the wheels, at a maximum electric power of 120 kW. ### Is the Energy Store a power-unit element? Yes. The ES is one of the six numbered power-unit elements allocated to each driver per season. Exceeding the allocation triggers grid penalties. ### How does the ES change for 2026? The 2026 power-unit regulations dramatically raise the electric contribution, with roughly half of a lap's total power coming from the ES, and remove the MGU-H, making battery management even more central to lap-time strategy. Last updated: 2 Jul 2026, 00:40 ### Join our FREE weekly F1 Newsletter Enter your email address & confirm your subscription You've already signed up, Thanks! 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